The majority of the use we get out of crude oil is as fuel. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. Complete the general formula for the compounds found in crude oil. Part of the hydrocarbon crude oil topic at science chemistry gcse. Crude oil is vapourised and fed into the bottom of the fractionating column. Smaller hydrocarbons are more useful as fuels than larger hydrocarbons. Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc.
Organic chemistry past paper questions a crude oil is a mixture of compounds called hydrocarbons which are separated in a. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. As a result, cracking produces smaller alkanes and alkenes. Making crude oil useful fractional distillation and cracking. Crude oil is a mixture of compounds called hydrocarbons which are separated in a fractionating column. Cracking of cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Give an example of a method by which cracking can be carried out.
The uses of the fuel gas, lpg, refinery gas, gasoline, petrol, naphtha, paraffin, kerosene, diesel oil, gas oil, fuel oil, lubricating oils, wax and bitumen fractions are tabulated. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. Past paper questions crude oil, fractional distillation. Crude oil can be separated into different fractions using fractional distillation. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. Oil and cracking the majority of our fuels and plastics are derived from oil. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful. These are obtained by crude oil via fractional distillation and classified into two different groups. Gcse chemistry hydrocarbons, combustion flashcards quizlet. Gcse crude oil uses other than a source of fuel revision. If the answer you have written is not right, change it. Where longer chain hydrocarbons can be broken down into shorter chain hydrocarbons by cracking. Leads onto a lesson on cracking and allows afl for students to be able to name alkanes by carbon number.
The answer to the question of crude oil s multiple uses is fractional distillation and cracking. One of these is thermal cracking which is used on crude oil. This is the fourth of six quizzes on that topic and it looks specifically at some of the many different uses of crude oil, other than as a source of fuel. Home gcse study tools chemistry cgp cracking crude oil. Alkenes along with alkanes can be produced from cracking. Cracking hydrocarbons in liquid paraffin with a catalyst. Start studying gcse chemistry hydrocarbons, combustion. Some of the large hydrocarbons the heavier fractions are broken down into more useful smaller hydrocarbons lighter fractions by a process known as cracking. Start studying aqa gcse chemistry trilogy c9 crude oil and fuels. Cracking practical gcse chemistry crude oil youtube. The american chemist, william burton, is usually credited with being the inventor of the thermal cracking process. Science skool is a revision website for gcse science and alevel chemistry. Crude oil and fuels by the end of this topic you will have covered.
Please comment if you have any questions, and subscribe if you. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. Cracking is needed because when fractional distillation of crude oil occurs, you get a very high percentage of long chain. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course.
However, once the crude oil is refined, it is used to produce gasoline, diesel fuel, paraffin wax, and even plastics. The molecules are broken up in a random way which produces a mixture of alkanes. The vapour is then passed over a powdered catalyst at a temp of about 400700c. Either way, it means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products. Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes. A petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum. While they succeeded in providing a small increase in gasoline yields, it was the commercialization of the fluid catalytic cracking process in. First, crack the vapour of liquid paraffin by passing it over a heated catalyst to produce and collect a mixture of gaseous shortchain hydrocarbons. As a result, the smaller fractions are in high demand. The longchain hydrocarbon is heated to vapourise it. Very often, fractional distillation of crude oil produces more of the larger hydrocarbons than can be sold, and less of the smaller hydrocarbons than customers want. Gcse chemistry what is the cracking of hydrocarbons. In fact, we cannot meet this demand through the products of fractional distillation alone. The uses of a fraction is related to its physical properties e.
Gcse chemistry products from oil high demand questions questionsheet 1 a crude oil is the raw material of the petrochemical industry. Targeted towards aqa c1 topic 5 but suitable for edexcel and other exam boards too. In this episode, he will look at how crude oil forms, what its made from, and how its used. Without any cracking units, a refinery would produce those percentages. The same apparatus and method can be used to dehydrate ethanol. You need to understand certain chemical reactions used in a variety of industrial processes for gcse chemistry. Organic chemistry now forms a substantial part of the gcse specifications. Blue cobalt chloride paper will turn pink in the presence of water. Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules not enough small hydrocarbon molecules to meet demand. Jono goes organic and talks about crude oil for your gcse exam. The fractional distillation of crude oil is a key industrial process, as it produces compounds such as methane, bitumen and gasoline the fractional distillation of crude oil edit. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds in the precursors. Two methods of cracking how to write a balanced equation for cracking what an alkene is, and how they differ from an alkane the test for alkenes the.
Gcse chemistry revision questions fossil fuels crude. Fuel is made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not efficient. These units produced small quantities of unstable naphthas and large amounts of byproduct coke. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. Fractional distillation separates crude oil into more useful hydrocarbons.
Cracking fractional distillation gcse chemistry single science. Used in the oil and gas industry to refer to a variety of methods whereby a larger product is broken down into smaller byproducts. Cracking of hydrocarbons is covered before pupils are asked questions on the reasons for the process. Fuel oil is the least valuable oil product, and it. Year 10 and year 11 students of gcse science need to understand how this is done. For us students petrol is gas and paraffin is kerosene. Cracking of hydrocarbons is covered before pupils are asked questions on the reasons for the process and how it is carried out. This aqa syllabus a quiz will help you revise what they involve. Advanced aas level chemistry us k12 grades 1112 preuniversity, gcse. Give three examples of fuels which are produced from crude oil that are used in our society. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking. What is the name given to the molecules that are found in crude oil.
Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. What is crude oil and how is it turned into so many different things. As shorter chain molecules are more flammable and burn with a cleaner flame these are in higher demand. Start studying edexcel international gcse chemistry. In addition to this you will need to know about functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters and how to draw their structures. Fractional distillation of crude oil oil and cracking. What is the cracking of hydrocarbons after the fractional distillation of crude oil there are too many large hydrocarbons and not enough small hydrocarbons to meet the publics demand.
Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of crude oil duration. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. Since cracking converts larger hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons. Plot the results from the table on the grid below and draw a line of best fit. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. One family of hydrocarbons produced from crude oil is called the alkanes. A hydrocarbons are broken down 1 mark to produce smaller more useful molecules 1 mark. Gcse lesson on the uses of crude oil and naming alkanes. The starter is a data analysis activity that links in to the leaning objective. Crude oil petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation and cracking. Crude oil, or petroleum is a mixture of different hydrocarbons.
Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon molecules to meet demand. Petroleum refining petroleum refining catalytic cracking. The crude oil that comes out of the ground is useless on its own. Cracking means splitting up longchain hydrocarbons by passing vapour over a hot catalyst. Fractions with different boiling points condense at different levels of the column and can be collected. Before crude oil can be used as fuel or converted into polymers, it has to be processed. As the vapour rises up the column, the temperature falls. A brief description of the difference between thermal and catalytic cracking of alkanes. Name a product from cracking diesel 6 name a property of a small chain hydrocarbon 4, 7 other than fuel what else can crude oil be used to make.
Gcse crude oil revise processing by cracking and fracking. A typical light sweet crude will produce about 60% light products lpg, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel and 40% heavy fuel oil. Gcse chemistry crude oil by revise a level and gcse. This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain. Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction. Crude oil fractional distillation of oil burning fuels a. Chemistry other uses of crude oil aqa one of the major topics in gcse science is crude oil and other sources of fuel.
Fractional distillation of crude oil often produces more of the larger hydrocarbons than can be sold, and less of the smaller hydrocarbons than customers want. Crude oil, fuels, fractional distillation and cracking. Advanced aas level chemistry us k12 grades 1112 pre university, gcse. A fully resourced lesson with assessment on the cracking of crude oil. As part of their work on crude oil, gcse chemistry students will look at thermal cracking. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The use of thermal cracking units to convert gas oils into naphtha dates from before 1920.