Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce. A kaplan turbine has adjustments in both guide vanes and runner vanes. The computeraided design cad files and all associated. Turbine types positive displacement typically only flow measurement. The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. This operates in an entirely closed conduit to tailrace. Water enters the through the turbine s multibladed wicket gate and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin. Comparison of experimental results of horizontal kaplan. This is a fascinating read for anyone interested in hydraulic engineering and its historical applications.
Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel link to publication record in manchester research explorer citation for published version apa. The lift coefficients of airfoils are higher and have less drag force rather than the wells turbine. Very simple kaplan turbine design grant ingram 30th january 2007 nomenclature b blade height g gravitational acceleration h head k loss coe. Layout of kaplan turbine at jhang branch canal in punjab, pakistan. In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. Kaplan university has been acquired by purdue university, creating purdue university global, a new public university with more than 180 online programs. It details the mechanics of hydraulic turbines, their accessories, construction and notable turbine installations. Theory of operation the kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through.
The governor regulates the guide blade opening as well as the runner vane angles simultaneously. A suitable tool in designing process is the visualization of the design point in the turbine. However, the exit velocity is axial in kaplan runner, while it is the radial one in all other runners. Hydraulic turbineshydraulic turbines raven mechanical. With help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture. The kaplan turbine is a propellertype water turbine which has adjustable blades. Development of the kaplan turbine digitala modeller. General procedure in designing the runner of a propeller kaplan turbine 344 8. This is because it will influence the secondary flow in the radial direction.
From 1960 to 1976, they studied francis, kaplan and pelton turbines and they selected the best results and equations for these three turbines 14. Turbine selection criteria for small hydropower development. These turbines are used in lowhead power production, which is not possible with francis turbines. Design of kaplan turbine parameters in relation to design. Optimum design selection of 90 deg ifr turbines 266 clearance and windage losses 269 pressure ratio limits of the 90 deg ifr turbine 269 cooled 90 deg ifr turbines 271 references 272 problems 273 9. First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%.
As it is almost impossible to carry out a prototype hydro turbine experiment before the power plant is built up, rational prediction of its performance is really expected to design the turbine and to operate the turbine properly. In such a kaplan turbine each blade can be swiveled about a post at right angles to the main turbine shaft, thus producing a variable pitch. Decision making on turbine types and capacities for runofriver hydroelectric power plants a case study on eglence1 hepp aim of this thesis is to overview a methodology for selecting the best fit turbine type which is one of the most. This book was originally aimed to constitute a section called mechanical equipment, in a. The process of the kaplan turbine design is used as an example in this paper. A simple design methodology for kaplan turbine is applied for a specified problem and various steps are elaborated. Design and development of kaplan turbine runner blade ijirset. Ansyscfx kaplan turbine important notes 1 all tutorial geometries are available. Design and vibration characteristic analysis of 10kw kaplan. Hydropower turbines are in two types as impulse and. For the the mechanical equipment it is given basic theory for the hydraulic design of turbines, theory and description of methods for tests of models and prototypes of turbines, theory for the. Classification of turbines the low head kaplan turbine at the jhang branch canal in punjab, pakistan is a micro hydro power turbine. Hydraulic turbines 277 introduction 277 hydraulic turbines 278 the pelton turbine 281 reaction turbines 290 the francis turbine 290 the kaplan.
This book, therefore, represents the importance of renewable energy resources and focuses on kaplan water turbine. Purdue global makes it possible for adult students to achieve a highquality education from the respected purdue university system. Operation when the fluid flows through the kaplan turbine, it changes its pressure and gives up its energy. Some features of the low head kaplan turbine are the following turbine runner diameter d 1. The figure shows blades with two different design of the blade in radial direction. The type of turbine specified is mostly determined by the head vertical drop of the water flow and the quantity of water available measured in liters per second. The present paper discusses the basic principles of hydraulic turbines, with special emphasis on the use of computational. A measurement was taken that showed about kghour of silt and sand was passing through the turbine at one point.
Verification of model calculations for the kaplan turbine design. It was developed in 19 by the austrian professor viktor kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller bla. The top countries of suppliers are china, pakistan, from which the percentage of micro kaplan turbine supply is 99%, 1% respectively. It was developed in 19 by the austrian professor viktor kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level. In the turbine the fluid flows from the pressure penstock into the turbine machine and first flows through a cascade of guide vanes. The main focus is not only on the increase of efficiency and annual electricity production, but also on the extension of lifetime and durability of the kaplan turbine runner. The detailed theories and software tools are available in the appendices sections of this site. Power is recovered from both the hydrostatic head and from the kinetic energy of the flowing water. In the turbine machinery the energy conversion is indirect and always takes place through the change of kinetic energy of the fluid.
In kaplan turbine, the water flows axially in and axially out while in francis turbine it is radially in and axially out. Net head is the pressure available to the turbine when water is flowing more on this later, and design flow is the maximum amount of flow the hydro system is designed to accommodate. The highlights of the book are simple language supported by analytical and graphical illustrations. This report is divided into a theoretical part where the theory behind the hydropower and kaplan turbine is brie y explained, followed up by a section where the dymola model of the kaplan turbine is. Kaplan turbines could technically work across a wide range of heads and flow rates, but because of other turbine types being more effective on higher heads, and because kaplan s are relative expensive, they are the turbine of choice for lower head sites with high flow rates. General arrangement of kaplan 1 introduction this short note indicates how a preliminary design of an axail. Aug 19, 2015 viktor kaplan turbine, technisches museum, wien the kaplan turbine is a propellertype water turbine which has adjustable blades. A theory and approach to kaplan turbine design future of. Efficiency of kaplan turbine is higher than francis turbine. Get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more. Comparison of theoretical and cfd optimized designs.
The kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. Design and vibration characteristic analysis of 10kw. Water turbines stredni prumyslova skola strojnicka. The kaplan turbine is a reaction turbine, which means that it is completely submerged in water during operation and can be as high as 20ft above the outlet. The process of the kaplan turbine design is used as an e xample in this paper. With a double regulation system, kaplan turbines provide high efficiency over a broad range of configurations. To satisfy large power demands, very large volume flow rates need to be accommodated in the kaplan turbine, i. The different types of turbines are named after their inventers. Fluid machinery has been designed as a textbook for engineering students specializing in mechanical, civil, electrical, hydraulics, chemical and power engineering. Kaplan turbine is a low headturbine and used for heads ofless than 80 meters.
The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its. The turbine has two rotating parts with backtoback asymmetrical airfoils. Hydraulic turbines design, erection and operation by. The water at the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic energy as well as. The turbine system is designed around net head and design flow. Object oriented modelling and simulation of kaplan turbines. Very simple kaplan turbine design durham university. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. The kaplan is of the propellertype, similar to an airplanepropeller. Kaplan turbine and wicket gate with hydraulic piston thats controlled by speed hydraulic governor. Hence kaplan turbine is recommended for the small hydropower development of. An introduction to hydropower concepts and planning. Flow simulation and performance prediction of a kaplan turbine.
Kaplan turbine it is an axial flow reaction turbine. Hence kaplan turbine is recommended for the small hydropower development of the river ethiope. The saxo turbine, due to its compact design and vertical arrangement contains and even exceeds operational and maintenance characteristics of kaplan turbines and has a better hydraulic design energetic performance than tubular turbines. Larger less viscous effects less separation pressure drops lower speed lower friction narrower operating range more specific design 5. The ideal pelton runner absolute velocity from nozzle. Design consideration of basic parameters for 10kw kaplan turbine b. The adjustment of guide vanes is similar to that of a francis turbine. It consists of spiral casing, guide mechanism and draft tube of kaplan turbine runner are similar to those of francis turbine. General arrangements for pelton, francis, kaplan and kaplan bulb turbine power. A wide variety of micro kaplan turbine options are available to you, there are 428 suppliers who sells micro kaplan turbine on, mainly located in asia. The vertical configuration of the kaplan turbine allows for larger runner diameters above 10 m and increased unit power, as compared to bulb turbines. Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. Note that this analysis is approximate and is useful for a. May 02, 20 with help of 3d animation working and design aspects of a kaplan turbine is elaborated in this video lecture.
Select chapter 4 pumps book chapter full text access. Energy conversion in a pelton turbine outlet outlet of the runner inlet of the runner outlet of the needle inlet of the needle 2 c2. Hydraulic turbineshydraulic turbines session delivered by. Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. Generally, double regulators are provided in a kaplan turbine. The saxo turbines have fewer problems with handling and installation of the equipment due to smaller.
A large number of theory questions and numerical problems with solution hints have been annexed at the end of. The blade design and calculation of pressure losses using two software tools, mecaflux for head losses,heliciel and for the design of the kaplan turbine. In 20, odesola and oririable designed a small scale francis turbine runner. Francis turbine design, the performance improvement was. It was developed in 19 by austrian professor viktor kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level. Renewable energy, hydropower, electricity, kaplan turbine, check dam, design, runner. Kaplan turbine with an output of 60 mw at a head of 22.
The design of runner differentiates propeller turbine from the kaplan turbine. To carry out design of a typical low power pelton turbine, a. Analyzing mathematical and software methods for selecting and. This kaplan turbine is one of the first three machines to be put into service in the united states. Jebba, nigeria q 376 m3s h 27,6 m p 96 mw d0 8,5 m. A kaplan turbine designed with a shape factor power specific speed of 3.
Water turbines when you have completed this tutorial you should be able to. Kaplan turbine is an axial reaction flow turbine and has adjustable blades if water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of the shaft, the turbine is known as the axial flow turbine and if the head of the inlet of the turbine is the sum of pressure energy and kinetic energy during the flow of water through a runner a part of pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, the. Kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction. This research provided special equations for calculating the runner diameter, thoma. The rated head and discharge rate for the tur bine design is 1. At the inlet the velocity of the water steadily decreases, entering the guide vanes, passing through the runner and finally exiting the turbine after passing its energy to the generator. It is possible to change the turbine size and speed by shifting the design point position in the turbine hill chart, but at the same time, it will be changed also the range of operating heads and discharges. This makes the hanna design less prone to stalling and offers more torque with a larger operating window.
Named for its austrian inventor, viktor kaplan 18761934, the turbine was an outstanding innovation, operating with a high, nearly constant efficiency over a wide load range. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel research. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Kaplan turbine the kaplan turbine is a greatdevelopment of early 19thcentury.
Introduction to turbine machinery university of ljubljana. The kaplan turbine is a type of a water turbine with adjustable blades, invented by an austrian engineer viktor kaplan in 19. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Kaplan turbine is employed, where a large quantity of water is available. Pdf design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. The double regulated kaplan turbines can work between 15% and 100% of the maximum design discharge. The kaplan turbine runner was modelled in 3d model of runner of kaplan turbine in proe engineer software and after calculating the blade. The kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Modelling and analysis of a very low head kaplan turbine. Hence, these are the parameter changes that has to be incorporated in converting a francis turbine to kaplan turbine. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Since that time, the operating head of the kaplan turbine has been increased, and smaller kaplan turbines have been used for heads as high as 65 m.
In addition to numerical results, the program is also endowed with graphic output which renders in true scale hydraulic profiles of rotor blades and guide blades as well as the hydraulic profile of a spiral casing. In the 3rd world congress on mechanical, chemical, and material engineering mcm17 pp. Analyzing mathematical and software methods for selecting. Two new 75 mw turbines with 5 blade design under a maximum head of 46 m. Aug 01, 2015 the kaplan turbine this type of turbine evolved from the need to generate power from much lower pressure heads than are normally employed with the francis turbine. Ansyscfx kaplan turbine computational fluid dynamics is. Design and vibration characteristic analysis of 10kw kaplan turbine runner blade profile international journal of scientific engineering and technology research volume. General differences between francis and kaplan turbines. Our kaplan turbines also keep the environment in mind. Kaplan turbines francis turbine construct blade vector diagrams for moving vanes for a pelton wheels and a francis turbine deduce formulae for power and efficiency for turbines. Various parts of kaplan turbine are described, design constraints and solutions are discussed. In 19, kaplan designed a variable pitch propeller turbine, the kaplan turbine. The kaplan turbine is of the reaction type where the runner is fully submerged and operates under pressure.